Can Otolith Elemental Signatures Record The Capture Site of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), a Fully Marine Fish in the Southern Ocean?
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چکیده
Otolith chemistry has been successfully used to reconstruct the environmental history experienced by estuarine-dependent teleost fish, including movement between estuaries and coastal areas. However, application has been more limited in species exposed exclusively to oceanic waters, where gradients in physical and chemical properties are less extreme. To test whether otolith elemental signatures record spatial information in an oceanic species, we sampled otoliths from Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) and used an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) coupled to a laser ablation system to target the outer otolith edges corresponding to the period immediately before capture. Using multivariate analysis of variance and multivariate discriminant analysis, we found that edge signatures discriminated toothfish by geographic region with near complete success: only 5% of fish caught off South America and in the Antarctic were misclassified to sampling areas in the other region. Moreover, edge signatures showed strong differences between sampling areas within each region: fish captured off South America classified to sampling areas therein with 79%–84% success, and Antarctic fish classified to sampling areas therein with 50%– 67% success. These results compare favourably with rates of classification for estuarine-dependent fish, demonstrating that otolith elemental signatures can discriminate the geographic provenance of oceanic and estuarine-dependent fish. Résumé : La chimie des otolithes permet de retracer avec succès le passé environnemental des poissons téléostéens qui dépendent des estuaires et, en particulier, leurs déplacements entre les estuaires et les milieux côtiers. La méthode est cependant plus rarement utilisée chez les espèces qui sont exposées exclusivement aux eaux de l’océan, car les gradients des propriétés physiques et chimiques y sont moins marqués. Afin de vérifier si les signatures des éléments dans les otolithes enregistrent des renseignements de nature spatiale chez une espèce océanique, nous avons prélevé des otolithes de la légine australe (Dissostichus eleginoides) et nous avons utilisé un spectromètre de masse à plasma inductif (ICP-MS) couplé à un système d’ablation laser pour cibler les couches externes des otolithes qui correspondent à la période qui précède immédiatement la capture. Une analyse de variance multidimensionnelle et une analyse discriminante multidimensionnelle démontrent que les signatures sur les couches externes permettent de discriminer les otolithes d’après la région géographique avec un succès presque complet; seuls 5 % des poissons capturés au large de l’Amérique du Sud et dans l’Antarctique sont mal classifiés dans des zones d’échantillonnage de l’autre région. De plus, les signatures des couches externes indiquent de fortes différences entre les zones d’échantillonnage de chacune des régions : les poissons récoltés au large de l’Amérique du Sud sont placés à 79–84 % dans des zones d’échantillonnage de la région et ceux de l’Antarctique à 50–67 % dans des zones d’échantillonnage de cette région. Ces résultats se comparent avantageusement aux taux de classification obtenus chez les poissons associés aux estuaires, ce qui démontre que les signatures des éléments dans les otolithes permettent de reconnaître l’origine géographique des poissons océaniques aussi bien que celle des poissons estuariens. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Ashford et al. 2840 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62: 2832–2840 (2005) doi: 10.1139/F05-191 © 2005 NRC Canada 2832 Received 11 October 2004. Accepted 27 May 2005. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at http://cjfas.nrc.ca on 9 November 2005. J18349 J.R. Ashford1 and C.M. Jones. Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. E. Hofmann. Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. I. Everson. Environmental Sciences Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, Anglia Polytechnic University, East Road, Cambridge, UK. C. Moreno. Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. G. Duhamel. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France. R. Williams. Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia. 1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). C an . J . F is h. A qu at . S ci . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .n rc re se ar ch pr es s. co m b y O L D D O M IN IO N U N IV E R SI T Y o n 07 /3 0/ 15 Fo r pe rs on al u se o nl y.
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